Periodic trends such as polarity and electronegativity affect ionic and covalent bonding. Periodic trends are patterns that are present in the periodic table, which illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and properties. One of the trends is electronegativity. It measures an atoms strength to attract and form bonds with electrons. As you move to the right and across the periodic table, electronegativity increases. As you move down a group, it decreases. The noble gases have a complete valence shell and do not attract electrons.The polarity of the bond depends on the difference in electronegativity of the elements on each end. For example, the halogens are more electronegative than H so the electrons will be more attracted to the halogen than the hydrogen so the bond will be polar. The dipole will be pointing towards the halogen.
A cool experiment displaying electronegativity and polarity:
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